stage 4 lymphoma survival rate | Prognosis Kidney cancer

Prognosis Kidney cancer



The prognosis of kidney cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the type of tumor and certain specific factors. However, the signs of prognosis for all cancers apply. For example, mortality is higher in people who have lost weight or who have had a late diagnosis.

Kidney Cancer Statistics
On a global scale, about 500 million people have renal pathology. In France, about 5% of adults (3 million people) are concerned. Among them are:

37 500 dialysis patients;
9 500 patients starting dialysis therapy;
33 000 persons who have benefited from a kidney transplant.
As for kidney cancer, there are about:

11 000 new cases each year in France;
190 000 new cases each year in the world.
Compared to other types of cancers:

This cancer represents 3% of all cancers.
This is the third most common urological cancer after prostate cancer and bladder cancer.
Finally, renal cancer is the 7th cancer in humans and the 12th in women.
Renal cancer touches:

Twice as many men as women;
Mainly persons over the age of 50 years (average 62 years); In 50% of cases, patients over 70 years of age.
Good to know: the diagnosis is placed on average at the age of 65 years.

Renal cancer diagnosis

Prognosis of kidney cancer
There are three elements that make it possible to predict kidney cancer.

Depending on the stage
Like most cancers, when diagnosed early, kidney cancer is a good prognosis. This is the case in just over 50% of cases. Conversely, the prognosis is more reserved in case of advanced stage and if there are metastases. In particular, the prognosis is particularly dark if the tumor has invaded the vena cava. The different stages and their prognosis can be summed up in this way:

Stage I: When it is possible to quickly put in place a immunotherapy of renal cancer while the tumor is still small and well localized, the survival rate at 5 years is 80%.

Stage II: In the case of locally invasive tumours, the survival rate at 5 years is 60% on average.

Stage III: The survival rate is 15 to 35% in the case of the lymph nodes or the renal vein (the prognosis varies according to the attainment of the vessels and the lymph nodes).

Stage IV: The 5-year survival rate is between 0 and 10% in the case of metastasis.

Below are the survival rates of métastasés kidney cancers:

One year survival

45%

Survival at 2 years

34%

Survival at 5 years

Between 0 and 10%

Note: Surprisingly, in the case of metastatic kidney cancer, patients with a body mass index greater than 25 (and therefore overweight) have a median survival of 25.6 months versus only 17.1 months for those with BMI below 25.

Depending on the type of tumor and its grade

Kidney cancers that have better prognosis are:

Renal cell carcinomas of papillary type;

Renal cell carcinomas of the Chromophobe type.

Indeed, these 2 types of renal tumors are usually low-grade. Conversely, the carcinomas that affect the collecting tubes and the sarcoma of the renal cells are less good prognosis since they are particularly aggressive high grade tumors.

Depending on factors specific to kidney cancers

Some prognostic factors are specific to kidney cancers:

The prognosis is darker if the rate of LDH (LDH) is 1.5 times higher than normal. The blood level of LDH is also a factor of poor prognosis in the context of lymphomas.

The prognosis is bad if the blood calcium level is particularly high (hypercalcemia with a rate greater than 2.75 mmol/litre):

Indeed, cancers of the urinary tract (and lungs) secrete substances close to the parathormone, usually secreted by the parathyroid glands, and which elevates the level of calcium in the blood. This is a complication of already advanced kidney cancer.

Some studies tend to show that people with thyroid cancer are more likely to have kidney cancer. Moreover, people of large size (under the influence of thyroid hormones) are also more at risk.

In case of anemia (insufficient number of red blood cells), the prognosis of kidney cancer is also quite dark.

Kidney cancer recurrences

Local recurrences of kidney cancer surgery are rare, but serious. They are uncommon since less than 2% of the tumours reappear within 5 years after the surgical treatment. In practice, recidivism is mainly observed in patients:

Whose initial renal cancer had a high degree of Fuhrman;

that have regional ganglion metastasis;

For which all cancer cells have not been able to be removed (which is still quite rare in that there is often an enlarged nephrectomy).

In patients who have undergone partial nephrectomy, recurrences at 5 years occur on the part of the kidney saved in only 5% of cases. However, two points to highlight:

Kidney cancer is one of the most late-relapsing cancers since it affects 11% of patients who have survived more than 10 years after the initial surgery.

Of the patients with kidney cancer located at the time of diagnosis and who are treated surgically, 30% will later develop metastases at a distance.

Note: Although all these data must be taken into account in order to establish a prognosis, each year there are more than 3 500 deaths due to kidney cancer in France.